Quran Universe
23:91

مَا ٱتَّخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٖ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُۥ مِنۡ إِلَٰهٍۚ إِذٗا لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَٰهِۭ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلَا بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۚ سُبۡحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ

Ma ittakhatha Allahu min waladin wama kana maAAahu min ilahin ithan lathahaba kullu ilahin bima khalaqa walaAAala baAAduhum AAala baAAdin subhana Allahi AAamma yasifoona

Allah has not taken any son, nor has there ever been with Him any deity. [If there had been], then each deity would have taken what it created, and some of them would have sought to overcome others. Exalted is Allah above what they describe [concerning Him].

Word by word
  1. مَاNot
  2. ٱتَّخَذَAllah has taken
  3. ٱللَّهُAllah has taken
  4. مِنany
  5. وَلَدٖson
  6. وَمَاand not
  7. كَانَis
  8. مَعَهُۥwith Him
  9. مِنۡany
  10. إِلَٰهٍۚgod
  11. إِذٗاThen
  12. لَّذَهَبَsurely (would have) taken away
  13. كُلُّeach
  14. إِلَٰهِۭgod
  15. بِمَاwhat
  16. خَلَقَhe created
  17. وَلَعَلَاand surely would have overpowered
  18. بَعۡضُهُمۡsome of them
  19. عَلَىٰ[on]
  20. بَعۡضٖۚothers
  21. سُبۡحَٰنَGlory be
  22. ٱللَّهِ(to) Allah
  23. عَمَّاabove what
  24. يَصِفُونَthey attribute
Al-Mu'minun · 23:91Makkah

If there were other gods, the universe would fall to fighting.

The order of the world points to One

If there were many gods
each takes his own creation
each tries to overpower
but we see
one ordered universeno fault in it
The evidence
many gods, many hands
one order, one Lordglorified above it

Ibn Kathir says if there were many gods, each would control what he created, so there would be no order. But the universe is ordered and cohesive, upper and lower realms connected perfectly. Allah has no son and no partner.

Two managers giving opposite instructions, and the whole project collapses. You have seen it at work. The sky has never had that problem.

The universe just happens to be orderly.

The order I see everywhere points to one Lord alone.

Try this

Look at one ordered thing today, a leaf, your heartbeat, the clock of the sun, and say: subhanallah.

Related67:3
Simplified reflection. Read the tafsir for scholarship.draft
Tafsir Ibn Kathir

No son (or offspring) did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him. (If there had been many gods), then each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others! Glorified be Allah above all that they attribute to Him (91)All-Knower of the unseen and the seen! Exalted be He over all that they associate as partners to Him (92)

Allah Has No Partner or Associate

Allah declares Himself to be above having any child or partner in dominion, control and worship. He says:

مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ ۚ إِذًا لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَٰهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ

(No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him. (If there had been many gods), then each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others.) meaning, if it were decreed that there should be a plurality of deities, each of them would have exclusive control over whatever he had created, so there would never be any order in the universe. But what we see is that the universe is ordered and cohesive, with the upper and lower realms connected to one another in the most perfect fashion.

مَّا تَرَىٰ فِي خَلْقِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ مِن تَفَاوُتٍ

(you can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious)(67:3). Moreover, if there were a number of gods, each of them would try to subdue the other with enmity, and one would prevail over the other. This has been mentioned by the scholars of 'Ilm-ul-Kalam, who discussed it using the evidence of mutual resistance or counteraction. This idea states that if there were two or more creators, one would want to make a body move while the other would want to keep it immobile, and if neither of them could achieve what they wanted, then both would be incapable, but the One Whose existence is essential [i.e., Allah] cannot be incapable. It is impossible for the will of both to be fulfilled because of the conflict. This dilemma only arises when a plurality of gods is suggested, so it is impossible for there to be such a plurality, because if the will of one is fulfilled and not the other, the one who prevails will be the one whose existence is essential (i.e., God) and the one who is prevailed over will be merely possible (i.e., he is not divine), because it is not befitting for the one to be defeated whose existence is essential. Allah says:

وَلَعَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ

(and some would have tried to overcome others! Glorified be Allah above all that they attribute to Him!) meaning, high above all that the stubborn wrongdoers say when they claim that He has a son or partner.

عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ

(All-Knower of the unseen and the seen!) means, He knows what is hidden from His creatures and what they see.

 فَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ

(Exalted be He over all that they associate as partners to Him!) means, sanctified and glorified and exalted be He above all that the wrongdoers and liars say.