3:113

۞لَيۡسُواْ سَوَآءٗۗ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أُمَّةٞ قَآئِمَةٞ يَتۡلُونَ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ءَانَآءَ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَهُمۡ يَسۡجُدُونَ

Laysoo sawaan min ahli alkitabi ommatun qaimatun yatloona ayati Allahi anaa allayli wahum yasjudoona

They are not [all] the same; among the People of the Scripture is a community standing [in obedience], reciting the verses of Allah during periods of the night and prostrating [in prayer].

Word by word
  1. ۞لَيۡسُواْThey are not
  2. سَوَآءٗۗ(the) same
  3. مِّنۡamong
  4. أَهۡلِ(the) People
  5. ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ(of) the Book
  6. أُمَّةٞ(is) a community
  7. قَآئِمَةٞstanding
  8. يَتۡلُونَ(and) reciting
  9. ءَايَٰتِ(the) Verses
  10. ٱللَّهِ(of) Allah
  11. ءَانَآءَ(in the) hours
  12. ٱلَّيۡلِ(of) the night
  13. وَهُمۡand they
  14. يَسۡجُدُونَprostrate
Ali 'Imran · 3:113Madinah

They are not all the same.

Never judging a whole group by some


Among the People of the Book
some rebukedearlier verses
some uprightreciting at night, in sujood
Fairness
they're all alikeone label for everyone
not all the sameAllah's own words

Right after strong criticism, the Quran says: they are not all alike. Ibn Kathir reports it came about scholars of the People of the Book who believed, like Abdullah bin Salam. They stood at night reciting Allah's verses in prostration.

A bad experience with one person from a certain background and you start saying "those people." A news story and suddenly a whole group has one face. Even after criticism, the Quran stops to be fair.

Once I've seen the worst of a group, I know what they're all like.

Allah Himself says they are not all the same. I owe people that fairness too.

Try this

Catch yourself once today saying "they all" about any group, and correct it.

Simplified reflection. Read the tafsir for scholarship.draft
Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Not all of them are alike; a party of the People of the Scripture stand for the right, they recite the verses of Allah during the hours of the night, prostrating themselves in prayer (113)They believe in Allah and the Last Day; they enjoin Al-Ma'ruf and forbid Al-Munkar; and they hasten in (all) good works; and they are among the righteous (114)And whatever good they do, nothing will be rejected of them; for Allah knows well the Muttaqin (the pious)(115)Surely, those who disbelieve, neither their properties nor their offspring will avail them against Allah. They are the dwellers of the Fire, therein they will abide (116)The parable of what they spend in this world is that of a wind of Sir; it struck the harvest of a people who did wrong against themselves and destroyed it. Allah wronged them not, but they wronged themselves (117)

Virtues of the People of the Scriptures Who Embrace Islam

Muhammad bin Ishaq and others, including Al-'Awfi who reported it from Ibn 'Abbas, said; "These Ayat were revealed about the clergy of the People of the Scriptures who embraced the faith. For instance, there is 'Abdullah bin Salam, Asad bin 'Ubayd, Tha'labah bin Sa'yah, Usayd bin Sa'yah, and so forth. This Ayah means that those among the People of the Book whom Allah rebuked earlier are not at all the same as those among them who embraced Islam. Hence Allah's statement,

لَيْسُوا سَوَاءً

(Not all of them are alike)[3:113]."

Therefore, these two types of people are not equal, and indeed, there are believers and also criminals among the People of the Book, just as Allah said,

مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أُمَّةٌ قَائِمَةٌ

(a party of the People of the Scripture stand for the right) for they implement the Book of Allah, adhere to His Law and follow His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Therefore, this type is on the straight path,

يَتْلُونَ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَهُمْ يَسْجُدُونَ

(they recite the verses of Allah during the hours of the night, prostrating themselves in prayer.)

They often stand in prayer at night for Tahajjud, and recite the Qur'an in their prayer,

يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَأُولَٰئِكَ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ

(They believe in Allah and the Last Day; they enjoin Al-Ma'ruf and forbid Al-Munkar; and they hasten in (all) good works; and they are among the righteous)[3: 114].

This is the same type of people mentioned at the end of the Surah;

وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَمَن يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ خَاشِعِينَ لِلَّهِ

(And there are, certainly, among the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), those who believe in Allah and in that which has been revealed to you, and in that which has been revealed to them, humbling themselves before Allah.)[3:199].

Allah said here,

وَمَا يَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلَن يُكْفَرُوهُ

(And whatever good they do, nothing will be rejected of them;)[3:115] meaning, their good deeds will not be lost with Allah. Rather, He will award them the best rewards,

وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ

(for Allah knows well the Muttaqin (the pious).) for no deed performed by any person ever escapes His knowledge, nor is any reward for those who do good deeds ever lost with Him. Allah mentions the disbelieving polytheists:

لَن تُغْنِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا

(neither their properties nor their offspring will avail them against Allah)[3:116]. meaning, nothing can avert Allah's torment and punishment from striking them,

وَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ

(They are the dwellers of the Fire, therein they will abide.)

The Parable of What the Disbelievers Spend in This Life

Allah gave a parable for what the disbelievers spend in this life, as Mujahid, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi said.

مَثَلُ مَا يُنفِقُونَ فِي هَٰذِهِ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَثَلِ رِيحٍ فِيهَا صِرٌّ 

(The likeness of what they spend in this world is the likeness of a wind of Sir;) a frigid wind, as Ibn 'Abbas, 'Ikrimah, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi' bin Anas and others have said. 'Ata' said that Sir, means, 'cold and snow.' Ibn 'Abbas and Mujahid are also reported to have said that Sir means, 'fire'. This latter meaning does not contradict the meanings we mentioned above, because extreme cold weather, especially when accompanied by snow, burns plants and produce, and has the same effect fire has on such growth.

أَصَابَتْ حَرْثَ قَوْمٍ ظَلَمُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ فَأَهْلَكَتْهُ

(It struck the harvest of a people who did wrong against themselves and destroyed it)(3:117), by burning. This Ayah mentions a calamity that strikes produce that is ready to harvest, destroying it by burning and depriving its owner of it when he needs it the most. Such is the case with the disbelievers, for Allah destroys the rewards for their good deeds in this life, just as He destroyed the produce of the sinner because of his sins. Both types did not build their work on firm foundations,

وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَٰكِنْ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ

(And Allah wronged them not, but they wronged themselves.)