42:17

ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَٱلۡمِيزَانَۗ وَمَا يُدۡرِيكَ لَعَلَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ قَرِيبٞ

Allahu allathee anzala alkitaba bialhaqqi waalmeezani wama yudreeka laAAalla alssaAAata qareebun

It is Allah who has sent down the Book in truth and [also] the balance. And what will make you perceive? Perhaps the Hour is near.

Word by word
  1. ٱللَّهُAllah
  2. ٱلَّذِيٓ(is) the One Who
  3. أَنزَلَ(has) sent down
  4. ٱلۡكِتَٰبَthe Book
  5. بِٱلۡحَقِّin truth
  6. وَٱلۡمِيزَانَۗand the Balance
  7. وَمَاAnd what
  8. يُدۡرِيكَwill make you know
  9. لَعَلَّPerhaps
  10. ٱلسَّاعَةَthe Hour
  11. قَرِيبٞ(is) near
Ash-Shuraa · 42:17Makkah

The Book and the Balance, and maybe the Hour is near.

Truth to follow, justice to keep


What He sent down
the Bookin truth
the Balancejustice and fairness
and
the Hourperhaps near
How to live
plenty of time
it may be nearso be fair now

Mujahid and Qatadah said the Balance means justice and fairness. Ibn Kathir says the line about the Hour is encouragement to strive for it, a warning, and advice to think little of this world.

You measure carefully when you are owed: the bill split, the hours worked. Less carefully when you owe. The Balance is for both sides. And perhaps the Hour is closer than your next payday.

I will start being careful about fairness when life slows down.

Allah sent truth and a Balance. The Hour may be near, so fairness cannot wait.

Try this

Settle one small thing you owe someone today, even a borrowed item.

Simplified reflection. Read the tafsir for scholarship.draft
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (shared passage from 42:16)

And those who dispute concerning Allah, after it has been accepted, of no use is their dispute before their Lord and on them is wrath, and for them will be a severe torment (16)It is Allah Who has sent down the Book in truth, and the Balance. And what can make you know that perhaps the Hour is close at hand (17)Those who believe not therein seek to hasten it, while those who believe are fearful of it, and know that it is the very truth. Verily, those who dispute concerning the Hour are certainly in error far away (18)

A Warning to Those Who dispute concerning Matters of Religion

Here Allah warns those who try to hinder those who believe in Allah, from following His path.

وَالَّذِينَ يُحَاجُّونَ فِي اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ 

(And those who dispute concerning Allah, after it has been accepted,) means, those who dispute with the believers who have responded to Allah and His Messenger, and try to stop them from following the path of guidance.

حُجَّتُهُمْ دَاحِضَةٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ

(no use is their dispute before their Lord) means, it is futile before Allah.

وَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ

(and on them is wrath,) means, from Him.

 وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ

(and for them will be a severe torment.) means, on the Day of Resurrection. Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and Mujahid said, "They disputed with the believers after they responded to Allah and His Messenger, and tried to prevent them from following the path of guidance, hoping that they would return to Jahiliyyah." Qatadah said, "These were the Jews and Christians who said to them, 'Our religion is better than your religion, our Prophet came before your Prophet, and we are better than you and closer to Allah than you.'" This was nothing but lies. Then Allah says:

اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ 

(It is Allah Who has sent down the Book in truth,) referring to all the Books which were revealed from Him to His Prophets.

 وَالْمِيزَانَ

(and the Balance.) means, justice and fairness. This was the view of Mujahid and Qatadah. This is like the Ayat:

لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ 

(Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance that mankind may keep up justice)(57:25).

وَالسَّمَاءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ - أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا فِي الْمِيزَانِ - وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيزَانَ

(And the heaven He has raised high, and He has set up the Balance. In order that you may not transgress (due) balance. And observe the weight with equity and do not make the balance deficient.)(55:7-9)

 وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ السَّاعَةَ قَرِيبٌ

(And what can make you know that perhaps the Hour is close at hand?) This is encouragement (to strive) for its sake, a terrifying warning, and advice to think little of this world.

يَسْتَعْجِلُ بِهَا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهَا ۖ 

(Those who believe not therein seek to hasten it,) means, they say, 'when will this promise be fulfilled, if you are telling the truth?' But they say this by way of disbelief and stubbornness, thinking that it is unlikely to happen.

وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مُشْفِقُونَ مِنْهَا

(while those who believe are fearful of it) means, they are afraid of it happening.

وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا الْحَقُّ

(and know that it is the very truth.) means, that it will undoubtedly come to pass, so they prepare themselves for it and strive for its sake. It was reported through various chains of narration, a number reaching the level of being Mutawatir, in Sahih and Hasan narrations, in the Books of Sunan and Musnad.

According to some versions, a man addressed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a loud voice, when he was on one of his journeys, calling out to him, "O Muhammad!" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied in a similar manner, "Here I am!" The man said, "When will the Hour come?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

وَيْحَكَ إِنَّهَا كَائِنَةٌ فَمَا أَعْدَدْتَ لَهَا؟

(Woe to you! It will most certainly come. What have you done to prepare for it?) He said, "Love for Allah and His Messenger." He ﷺ said:

أَنْتَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ

(You will be with those whom you love.) According to another Hadith:

الْمَرْءُ مَعَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ

("A man will be with those whom he loves.) This is Mutawatir beyond a doubt. The point is that he did not answer his question about when the Hour would happen, but he commanded him to prepare for it.

أَلَا إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُمَارُونَ فِي السَّاعَةِ 

(Verily, those who dispute concerning the Hour) means, who dispute whether it will happen and think it is unlikely ever to come,

لَفِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ 

(are certainly in error far away.) means, they are clearly ignorant, because the One Who created the heavens and the earth is even more able to give life to the dead, as Allah says:

وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ ۚ 

(And He it is Who originates the creation, then He will repeat it; and this is easier for Him)(30:27).