Both of them said: "Our Lord! Verily, we fear lest he should hasten to punish us or lest he should transgress. (45)He (Allah) said: "Fear not, verily, I am with you both, hearing and seeing. (46)"So go you both to him, and say: 'Verily, we are both Messengers of your Lord, so let the Children of Israel go with us, and torment them not; indeed, we have come with a sign from your Lord! And peace will be upon him who follows the guidance! (47)'Truly, it has been revealed to us that the torment will be for him who denies, and turns away.' (48)
Musa's fear of Fir'awn and Allah's strengthening Him
Allah, the Exalted, informs that Musa and Harun pleaded to Allah, expressing their grievance to him:
إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ أَن يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَا أَوْ أَن يَطْغَىٰ
(Verily, we fear lest he should hasten to punish us or lest he should transgress.) They meant that Fir'awn might seize them unexpectedly with a punishment, or transgress against them by tormenting them, when they actually did not deserve it. Ad-Dahhak reported from Ibn 'Abbas that he said that transgress here means, "To exceed the bounds."
قَالَ لَا تَخَافَا ۖ إِنَّنِي مَعَكُمَا أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَىٰ
(He (Allah) said: "Fear not, verily, I am with you both, hearing and seeing.") meaning; "Do not fear him (Fir'awn), for verily, I am with you and I hear your speech and his speech as well. I see your place and I see his place as well. Nothing is hidden from Me of your affair. Know that his forehead is in My Hand, and he does not speak, breathe, or use any force, except by My leave and after My command. I am with you by My protection, My help and My support."
فَأْتِيَاهُ فَقُولَا إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ
(So go you both to him, and say: "Verily, we are both Messengers of your Lord...")
Musa admonishes Fir'awn
Concerning his statement,
قَدْ جِئْنَاكَ بِآيَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ
(indeed, We have come with a sign from your Lord!) meaning with evidence and a miracle from your Lord.
وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَىٰ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَىٰ
(And peace will be upon him who follows the guidance!) meaning, 'peace be upon you if you follow the guidance.' Because of this, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote a letter to Heraclius, the emperor of Rome, beginning with,
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ، سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدىٰ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ بِدِعَايَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ يُؤْتِكَ اللهُ أَجْرَكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ
(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Heraclius the emperor of Rome. Peace be upon him who follows the guidance. Thus, to proceed: Verily, I invite you with the invitation of Islam. So accept Islam and you will be safe, and Allah will give you a double reward.) Due to this, Musa and Harun said to Fir'awn,
وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَىٰ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَىٰ - إِنَّا قَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْنَا أَنَّ الْعَذَابَ عَلَىٰ مَن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
(And peace will be upon him who follows the guidance! Truly, it has been revealed to us that the torment will be for him who denies, and turns away.) In His flawless revelation, Allah has revealed to us that torment is prepared exclusively for those who reject the signs of Allah and turn away from His obedience. As Allah says,
فَأَمَّا مَن طَغَىٰ - وَآثَرَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا - فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَىٰ
(Then for him who transgressed all bounds, and preferred the life of this world, Verily, his abode will be Hellfire.)(79:37-39) Allah, the Exalted, also says,
فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ - لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى - الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
(Therefore I have warned you of a blazing Fire. None shall enter it save the most wretched. Who denies and turns away.)(92:14-16) Allah also says,
فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّىٰ - وَلَٰكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
(So he neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away.)[75:31-32] This means that he denied with his heart and turned away by his actions.
