Colonial age to today (1804 CE to now)
Chapter 10 of 10
Colonial age to today
1804 CE to now
European empires take most Muslim lands, the caliphate ends, and fifty new states emerge. Today one in four people is Muslim.
21 moments in this chapter
Every moment in the timeline
Borders come from the open historical-basemaps project (GPL-3.0) and are approximate. Dates before 1000 BCE are estimates, and for the earliest prophets the Quran gives the order of events but not their years. Sources: the Quran, Sahih al-Bukhari, the Seerah of Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Kathir's al-Bidaya wan-Nihaya, and standard histories. See also the villains of Islamic history, from Iblis to the Dajjal.
1. The beginningAdam to Nuh · dates unknown
2. Early nationsc. 3500 to 1600 BCE
3. Ibrahim and his familyc. 2000 to 1700 BCE
4. Musa and the Children of Israelc. 1350 to 540 BCE
- Shuayb and the traders
- Musa in the river
- Musa flees to Madyan
- The fire at Tuwa
- Musa before Pharaoh
- The sea parts
- The Tawrat and the calf
- The cow
- Qarun
- Musa and al-Khidr
- Forty years in the desert
- Dawud and Jalut
- King Dawud
- Sulayman's kingdom
- The Queen of Sheba
- Ilyas against Baal
- Yunus and the whale
- Nineveh falls
- Exile to Babylon
- A hundred years asleep
5. Empires and Isa539 BCE to 600 CE
- Cyrus frees the captives
- Dhul-Qarnayn's wall
- Buddha and Confucius
- Alexander conquers Persia
- Rome becomes an empire
- Maryam in the temple
- Yahya is born
- The birth of Isa
- The miracles of Isa
- The table from heaven
- Isa raised up
- The temple destroyed
- Sasanian Persia
- The People of the Cave
- Constantinople
- Christian Abyssinia
- Western Rome falls
- The People of the Ditch
- Hagia Sophia
- The dam of Saba breaks
- The Year of the Elephant
6. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ570 to 632 CE
- Birth of the Prophet ﷺ
- Marriage to Khadijah
- The Black Stone
- The first revelation
- The call from Safa
- Rome is defeated
- Refuge in Abyssinia
- Hamzah and Umar
- The boycott
- The Tang dynasty
- The Year of Sorrow
- The Night Journey
- The pledges of Aqabah
- The Hijrah
- A new community
- The qiblah changes
- The Battle of Badr
- The Battle of Uhud
- The Trench
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
- Letters to the kings
- Khaybar
- Rome wins again
- The Battle of Mu'tah
- The return to Makkah
- The Battle of Hunayn
- The march to Tabuk
- The Year of Delegations
- The Farewell Hajj
- The Prophet ﷺ passes away
7. The first caliphates632 to 750 CE
- Abu Bakr, first caliph
- The Quran is collected
- Umar ibn al-Khattab
- The Battle of Yarmuk
- The Battle of Qadisiyyah
- Umar enters Jerusalem
- Egypt and Fustat
- The end of Sasanian Persia
- Uthman's Quran
- Ali and the civil war
- The Umayyads
- The Year of Unity
- Kairouan and the Atlantic
- First siege of Constantinople
- Karbala
- The Dome of the Rock
- Tariq crosses to Spain
- Islam reaches the Indus
- Bukhara and Samarkand
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
- The Battle of Tours
- The Abbasid revolution
8. Baghdad and the golden age751 to 1258 CE
- Paper from China
- Cordoba
- Baghdad is founded
- The four imams
- Harun al-Rashid
- Charlemagne and Harun
- The road of Zubaydah
- The House of Wisdom
- Sahih al-Bukhari
- The Fatimids
- Al-Tabari
- The Caliphate of Cordoba
- Al-Azhar
- Mahmud of Ghazna
- Ibn Sina and Ibn al-Haytham
- The Seljuk Turks
- The Nizamiyya colleges
- Manzikert
- The Crusaders take Jerusalem
- The Swahili coast
- Al-Ghazali
- Al-Idrisi's map
- Salah al-Din at Hattin
- Ibn Rushd
- Genghis Khan
- The Delhi Sultanate
- Al-Andalus starts to fall
- The Mongols reach Islam
- Baghdad falls
9. Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals1260 to 1798 CE
- Ain Jalut
- Rumi
- Islam in Sumatra
- Osman's state
- Mansa Musa's Hajj
- Ibn Battuta sets out
- The Black Death
- Ibn Khaldun
- Timur
- Zheng He's fleets
- Constantinople falls
- Granada surrenders
- Europe reaches India
- The Safavids
- Portugal takes Malacca
- The Reformation
- Ottomans take Egypt and the Hijaz
- The Mughal Empire
- Suleiman at Vienna
- Akbar
- Sinan's Suleymaniye
- Lepanto
- The fall of Songhai
- Isfahan, half the world
- The Taj Mahal
- The second siege of Vienna
- The first Saudi state
- Plassey
- The French Revolution
- Napoleon in Egypt
10. Colonial age to today1804 CE to now
- The Sokoto Caliphate
- Muhammad Ali's Egypt
- France invades Algeria
- The last Mughal
- The Suez Canal
- The Hejaz Railway
- The First World War
- The caliphate is abolished
- Saudi Arabia
- Oil in Arabia
- Partition and Pakistan
- The Nakba
- The year of independence
- The Six-Day War
- The OIC
- The Iranian revolution
- Printing the Quran
- Central Asia independent
- 9/11 and the wars
- The Arab Spring
- Two billion Muslims