9 AH
Abu Bakr leads the Hajj. Ali reads the opening of Surah at-Tawbah: after this year no idolater may make Hajj, and none may circle the Kaaba naked.
…And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way. …
Quran 3:97
Source: Quran, Bukhari ·
Borders come from Cliopatria, the open map of the Seshat Global History Databank (CC BY 4.0), and are approximate. Dates before 1000 BCE are estimates, and for the earliest prophets the Quran gives the order of events but not their years. Sources: the Quran, Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim, the Seerah of Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Kathir's al-Bidaya wan-Nihaya, and standard histories. See also the villains of Islamic history, from Iblis to the Dajjal, and the library of people, nations, empires and places.
