Traditional date, disputed
Hashim, great-grandfather of the Prophet ﷺ, makes pacts so Quraysh caravans travel safely to Yemen in winter and Syria in summer.
Their accustomed security [in] the caravan of winter and summer -
Quran 106:2
Source: Quran, Seerah ·
Borders come from Cliopatria, the open map of the Seshat Global History Databank (CC BY 4.0), and are approximate. Dates before 1000 BCE are estimates, and for the earliest prophets the Quran gives the order of events but not their years. Sources: the Quran, Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim, the Seerah of Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Kathir's al-Bidaya wan-Nihaya, and standard histories. See also the villains of Islamic history, from Iblis to the Dajjal, and the library of people, nations, empires and places.
