Umar ibn al-Khattab, Caliph · Second caliph, al-Faruq: Companion in Islamic History

Companion

CompanionCaliph · Second caliph, al-Faruq

Umar ibn al-Khattabعمر بن الخطاب

c. 584 to 644 CE (23 AH)Approximate dateMadinah

A fierce opponent who became Islam's great strength, and the caliph who built its state.

Umar set out to harm the Prophet ﷺ but found his sister reciting the Quran and became Muslim around 616. After that, Muslims prayed openly at the Kaaba. As caliph for ten years he opened Syria, Iraq, Egypt and Jerusalem, set up the Hijri calendar, courts and stipends, and walked the streets at night checking on the poor.

What does the Quran say?

2:125 33:53 66:5

What does the hadith say?

Sahih al-Bukhari 402 Sahih al-Bukhari 3683

What grew out of it?

Much of how Muslim government works, from the calendar to public treasury, began with him.

The lesson

Power is a trust: the ruler answers for every hungry person in his land.

Who came before and after?

Abu Bakr Uthman ibn Affan

Where do they appear in the story?

Who lived at the same time?

Muhammad ﷺ Zayd ibn Haritha The Three Who Stayed Behind Khosrow II Heraclius Al-Muqawqis Jabalah ibn al-Ayham Al-Numan ibn al-Mundhir

Source: hadith · Wikipedia

Everyone and everything in the timeline

People named in the Quran and the hadith, the Prophet's ﷺ family and Companions, scholars, rulers, the nations of the Quran, the world's empires and the places where it all happened. Where scholars differ, each entry says so.